ADAMTS13, Angiopoietin-2, BMP-9, D-Dimer, Endoglin, Endothelin-1, FGF-1, Follistatin, HB-EGF, HGF, Leptin, PLGF, SAA, sICAM-1, sP-Selectin, sVCAM-1, VEGF-C, VEGF-D
Diagnostic Test
Long COVID Vascular Health Panel (18-Plex)
Use this panel to investigate dysfunctions in vascular and endothelial integrity, coagulation, and inflammation. The panel consists of circulating factors that may suggest abnormalities in angiogenesis (a response to persistent vascular injury), coagulation, vascular function and inflammatory responses, which are thought to be key features of long COVID pathogenesis.
1-5 Days
Samples collected for immune-related biomarkers are stable for approximately 1 year if kept frozen (-80˚C preferred). Samples that are left at room temperature beyond 30 minutes during sample collection or are stored at 4˚C are not stable and are not acceptable unless they are processed in BD P-100 tubes.
Luminex® 100/200 (Addressable LASER Bead Immunoassay)
Plasma-EDTA
Clinical Use
Clinical Associations
Use this test to identify relevant therapy targets, determine disease mechanisms, and diagnose or monitor the following conditions associated with long COVID:
- Vascular Dysfunction: Evaluate endothelial function and vascular integrity in patients with long COVID. Analytes like Endothelin-1, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and sP-Selectin are key indicators of endothelial activation and dysfunction.
- Coagulation Abnormalities: Assess coagulation status and thrombotic risk in long COVID patients. D-Dimer, sP-Selectin, and ADAMTS13 levels can help identify ongoing coagulation and fibrinolytic activity.
- Angiogenesis and Tissue Repair: Monitor angiogenic factors that contribute to tissue repair and regeneration in the context of long COVID. Analytes such as VEGF-C, VEGF-D, Angiopoietin-2, and PLGF are involved in angiogenesis and vascular remodeling.
- Cardiovascular Health: Investigate cardiovascular health and potential long-term effects on the heart and blood vessels. Biomarkers like HGF, Endoglin, and BMP-9 can provide insights into cardiovascular remodeling and myocardial repair.
- Inflammatory Response: Evaluate chronic inflammation and its impact on vascular health. Biomarkers such as SAA and Leptin can indicate ongoing inflammatory processes contributing to vascular pathology.
- Fibrosis and Tissue Damage: Assess fibrosis and tissue damage related to long COVID. Biomarkers like Follistatin and HB-EGF are involved in tissue remodeling and fibrotic processes.
- Metabolic Impact: Investigate the metabolic impact of long COVID on vascular health. Leptin and FGF-1 levels can provide insights into metabolic dysregulation and its effect on cardiovascular health.
The interpretation of these test results should be correlated with clinical findings and other diagnostic tests. Cytokine levels can vary due to many biological, physiological, and diurnal factors; their clinical significance must be assessed by a qualified healthcare professional. This information is not intended to be used as the sole basis for diagnosis or treatment decisions.
See example report below.